Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)- Particle size measurement from 1 nanometer to 1 micron.
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS)- Chemical composition of volatile and semi-volatile compounds from solids, semi-solids, and liquids up to 1000C.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)- Identification of unknown organic and inorganic materials.
Raman Spectroscopy- vibrational spectroscopy similar to FT-IR to identify unknown materials, especially useful for inorganic materials.